Specify the null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis.
Compute the proportion in the sample.
Compute
.
If p > π
then compute
otherwise, compute
Use a z table to compute the probability value
from z.
Assumptions
Observations are sampled randomly and independently.
The adequacy of the normal approximation depends on the sample size (N)
and π. Although there are no hard and fast rules, the following
is a guide to needed sample size: If π is between 0.4
and 0.6 then an N of 10 is adequate. If π is as low as
0.2 or as high as 0.8 then N should be at least 25. For π
as low as 0.1 or as high as 0.9, N should be at least 30. A conservative
rule of thumb is that both Nπ and N(1 - π) should be greater than 10.