Randomization Tests (5 of 6)

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  X   Y
  4   3
  8   5
  2   1
 10   8
  9   7

r = .981

This makes the one-tailed probability equal to: p = 2/120 = 0.017. Naturally, the two-tailed probability is 0.034.

Randomization tests have only one major drawback: they are impractical to compute with moderate to large sample sizes. For example, the number of ways 45 scores can be equally divided among three groups is which is an astronomical number. Even high-speed computers are incapable of the necessary calculations.