Advantages of Within-Subject Designs (2 of 2)
Next section: The problem of carryover
effects
The important point is that this small but consistent difference can be
detected in the face of large overall differences among the subjects. Indeed,
the difference between conditions is very small relative to the differences
among subjects. It is because the conditions can be compared within each
of the subjects that allows the small difference to be apparent. Differences
between subjects are taken into account and are therefore not error.
Removing
variance due to differences between subjects from the error variance greatly
increases the
power of significance tests. Therefore,
within-subjects designs are almost always more powerful than between-subject
designs. Since power is such an important consideration in the design of
experiments, within-subject designs are generally preferable to between-subject
designs.
Next section: The problem of carryover
effects