Randomization Tests (2 of 6)

This means that there are 70 ways in which eight numbers can be divided into two groups of four.

The third step is to determine how many of these W ways of dividing the data result in differences between the means as large or larger than the difference obtained in the actual data. An examination of the data shows that there are only two ways the eight numbers can be divided into two groups of four with a larger difference between means than the difference of six found in the actual arrangement. These two ways are shown below.

two rearrangements of the data

Thus, including the original data, there are three ways in which the eight numbers can be arranged so that the difference between means is six or more.